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#!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; require 5.008_001; # just as DBI package DBD::mysql; use DBI; use DynaLoader(); use Carp; our @ISA = qw(DynaLoader); # please make sure the sub-version does not increase above '099' # SQL_DRIVER_VER is formatted as dd.dd.dddd # for version 5.x please switch to 5.00(_00) version numbering # keep $VERSION in Bundle/DBD/mysql.pm in sync our $VERSION = '4.050'; bootstrap DBD::mysql $VERSION; our $err = 0; # holds error code for DBI::err our $errstr = ""; # holds error string for DBI::errstr our $drh = undef; # holds driver handle once initialised my $methods_are_installed = 0; sub driver{ return $drh if $drh; my($class, $attr) = @_; $class .= "::dr"; # not a 'my' since we use it above to prevent multiple drivers $drh = DBI::_new_drh($class, { 'Name' => 'mysql', 'Version' => $VERSION, 'Err' => \$DBD::mysql::err, 'Errstr' => \$DBD::mysql::errstr, 'Attribution' => 'DBD::mysql by Patrick Galbraith' }); if (!$methods_are_installed) { DBD::mysql::db->install_method('mysql_fd'); DBD::mysql::db->install_method('mysql_async_result'); DBD::mysql::db->install_method('mysql_async_ready'); DBD::mysql::st->install_method('mysql_async_result'); DBD::mysql::st->install_method('mysql_async_ready'); $methods_are_installed++; } $drh; } sub CLONE { undef $drh; } sub _OdbcParse($$$) { my($class, $dsn, $hash, $args) = @_; my($var, $val); if (!defined($dsn)) { return; } while (length($dsn)) { if ($dsn =~ /([^:;]\[.]\|[^:;])[:;](.)/) { $val = $1; $dsn = $2; $val =~ s/\[\|]//g; # Remove [] if present, the rest of the code prefers plain IPv6 addresses } else { $val = $dsn; $dsn = ''; } if ($val =~ /([^=])=(.)/) { $var = $1; $val = $2; if ($var eq 'hostname' \|\| $var eq 'host') { $hash->{'host'} = $val; } elsif ($var eq 'db' \|\| $var eq 'dbname') { $hash->{'database'} = $val; } else { $hash->{$var} = $val; } } else { foreach $var (@$args) { if (!defined($hash->{$var})) { $hash->{$var} = $val; last; } } } } } sub _OdbcParseHost ($$) { my($class, $dsn) = @_; my($hash) = {}; $class->_OdbcParse($dsn, $hash, ['host', 'port']); ($hash->{'host'}, $hash->{'port'}); } sub AUTOLOAD { my ($meth) = $DBD::mysql::AUTOLOAD; my ($smeth) = $meth; $smeth =~ s/(.)\:\://; my $val = constant($smeth, @_ ? $_[0] : 0); if ($! == 0) { eval "sub $meth { $val }"; return $val; } Carp::croak "$meth: Not defined"; } 1; package DBD::mysql::dr; # ====== DRIVER ====== use strict; use DBI qw(:sql_types); use DBI::Const::GetInfoType; sub connect { my($drh, $dsn, $username, $password, $attrhash) = @_; my($port); my($cWarn); my $connect_ref= { 'Name' => $dsn }; my $dbi_imp_data; # Avoid warnings for undefined values $username \|\|= ''; $password \|\|= ''; $attrhash \|\|= {}; $attrhash->{mysql_conn_attrs} \|\|= {}; $attrhash->{mysql_conn_attrs}->{'program_name'} \|\|= $0; # create a 'blank' dbh my($this, $privateAttrHash) = (undef, $attrhash); $privateAttrHash = { %$privateAttrHash, 'Name' => $dsn, 'user' => $username, 'password' => $password }; DBD::mysql->_OdbcParse($dsn, $privateAttrHash, ['database', 'host', 'port']); $dbi_imp_data = delete $attrhash->{dbi_imp_data}; $connect_ref->{'dbi_imp_data'} = $dbi_imp_data; if (!defined($this = DBI::_new_dbh($drh, $connect_ref, $privateAttrHash))) { return undef; } DBD::mysql::db::_login($this, $dsn, $username, $password) or $this = undef; if ($this && ($ENV{MOD_PERL} \|\| $ENV{GATEWAY_INTERFACE})) { $this->{mysql_auto_reconnect} = 1; } $this; } sub data_sources { my($self) = shift; my($attributes) = shift; my($host, $port, $user, $password) = ('', '', '', ''); if ($attributes) { $host = $attributes->{host} \|\| ''; $port = $attributes->{port} \|\| ''; $user = $attributes->{user} \|\| ''; $password = $attributes->{password} \|\| ''; } my(@dsn) = $self->func($host, $port, $user, $password, '_ListDBs'); my($i); for ($i = 0; $i < @dsn; $i++) { $dsn[$i] = "DBI:mysql:$dsn[$i]"; } @dsn; } sub admin { my($drh) = shift; my($command) = shift; my($dbname) = ($command eq 'createdb' \|\| $command eq 'dropdb') ? shift : ''; my($host, $port) = DBD::mysql->_OdbcParseHost(shift(@_) \|\| ''); my($user) = shift \|\| ''; my($password) = shift \|\| ''; $drh->func(undef, $command, $dbname \|\| '', $host \|\| '', $port \|\| '', $user, $password, '_admin_internal'); } package DBD::mysql::db; # ====== DATABASE ====== use strict; use DBI qw(:sql_types); %DBD::mysql::db::db2ANSI = ( "INT" => "INTEGER", "CHAR" => "CHAR", "REAL" => "REAL", "IDENT" => "DECIMAL" ); ### ANSI datatype mapping to MySQL datatypes %DBD::mysql::db::ANSI2db = ( "CHAR" => "CHAR", "VARCHAR" => "CHAR", "LONGVARCHAR" => "CHAR", "NUMERIC" => "INTEGER", "DECIMAL" => "INTEGER", "BIT" => "INTEGER", "TINYINT" => "INTEGER", "SMALLINT" => "INTEGER", "INTEGER" => "INTEGER", "BIGINT" => "INTEGER", "REAL" => "REAL", "FLOAT" => "REAL", "DOUBLE" => "REAL", "BINARY" => "CHAR", "VARBINARY" => "CHAR", "LONGVARBINARY" => "CHAR", "DATE" => "CHAR", "TIME" => "CHAR", "TIMESTAMP" => "CHAR" ); sub prepare { my($dbh, $statement, $attribs)= @_; return unless $dbh->func('_async_check'); # create a 'blank' dbh my $sth = DBI::_new_sth($dbh, {'Statement' => $statement}); # Populate internal handle data. if (!DBD::mysql::st::_prepare($sth, $statement, $attribs)) { $sth = undef; } $sth; } sub db2ANSI { my $self = shift; my $type = shift; return $DBD::mysql::db::db2ANSI{"$type"}; } sub ANSI2db { my $self = shift; my $type = shift; return $DBD::mysql::db::ANSI2db{"$type"}; } sub admin { my($dbh) = shift; my($command) = shift; my($dbname) = ($command eq 'createdb' \|\| $command eq 'dropdb') ? shift : ''; $dbh->{'Driver'}->func($dbh, $command, $dbname, '', '', '', '_admin_internal'); } sub _SelectDB ($$) { die "_SelectDB is removed from this module; use DBI->connect instead."; } sub table_info ($) { my ($dbh, $catalog, $schema, $table, $type, $attr) = @_; $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}\|\|= 0; my $mysql_server_prepare_save= $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}; $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= 0; my @names = qw(TABLE_CAT TABLE_SCHEM TABLE_NAME TABLE_TYPE REMARKS); my @rows; my $sponge = DBI->connect("DBI:Sponge:", '','') or return $dbh->DBI::set_err($DBI::err, "DBI::Sponge: $DBI::errstr"); # Return the list of catalogs if (defined $catalog && $catalog eq "%" && (!defined($schema) \|\| $schema eq "") && (!defined($table) \|\| $table eq "")) { @rows = (); # Empty, because MySQL doesn't support catalogs (yet) } # Return the list of schemas elsif (defined $schema && $schema eq "%" && (!defined($catalog) \|\| $catalog eq "") && (!defined($table) \|\| $table eq "")) { my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW DATABASES") or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && return undef); $sth->execute() or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && return DBI::set_err($dbh, $sth->err(), $sth->errstr())); while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref()) { push(@rows, [ undef, $ref->[0], undef, undef, undef ]); } } # Return the list of table types elsif (defined $type && $type eq "%" && (!defined($catalog) \|\| $catalog eq "") && (!defined($schema) \|\| $schema eq "") && (!defined($table) \|\| $table eq "")) { @rows = ( [ undef, undef, undef, "TABLE", undef ], [ undef, undef, undef, "VIEW", undef ], ); } # Special case: a catalog other than undef, "", or "%" elsif (defined $catalog && $catalog ne "" && $catalog ne "%") { @rows = (); # Nothing, because MySQL doesn't support catalogs yet. } # Uh oh, we actually have a meaty table_info call. Work is required! else { my @schemas; # If no table was specified, we want them all $table \|\|= "%"; # If something was given for the schema, we need to expand it to # a list of schemas, since it may be a wildcard. if (defined $schema && $schema ne "") { my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW DATABASES LIKE " . $dbh->quote($schema)) or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && return undef); $sth->execute() or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && return DBI::set_err($dbh, $sth->err(), $sth->errstr())); while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref()) { push @schemas, $ref->[0]; } } # Otherwise we want the current database else { push @schemas, $dbh->selectrow_array("SELECT DATABASE()"); } # Figure out which table types are desired my ($want_tables, $want_views); if (defined $type && $type ne "") { $want_tables = ($type =~ m/table/i); $want_views = ($type =~ m/view/i); } else { $want_tables = $want_views = 1; } for my $database (@schemas) { my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW /!50002 FULL/ TABLES FROM " . $dbh->quote_identifier($database) . " LIKE " . $dbh->quote($table)) or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && return undef); $sth->execute() or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && return DBI::set_err($dbh, $sth->err(), $sth->errstr())); while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref()) { my $type = (defined $ref->[1] && $ref->[1] =~ /view/i) ? 'VIEW' : 'TABLE'; next if $type eq 'TABLE' && not $want_tables; next if $type eq 'VIEW' && not $want_views; push @rows, [ undef, $database, $ref->[0], $type, undef ]; } } } my $sth = $sponge->prepare("table_info", { rows => \@rows, NUM_OF_FIELDS => scalar @names, NAME => \@names, }) or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && return $dbh->DBI::set_err($sponge->err(), $sponge->errstr())); $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save; return $sth; } sub _ListTables { my $dbh = shift; if (!$DBD::mysql::QUIET) { warn "_ListTables is deprecated, use \$dbh->tables()"; } return map { $_ =~ s/.\.//; $_ } $dbh->tables(); } sub column_info { my ($dbh, $catalog, $schema, $table, $column) = @_; return unless $dbh->func('_async_check'); $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}\|\|= 0; my $mysql_server_prepare_save= $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}; $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= 0; # ODBC allows a NULL to mean all columns, so we'll accept undef $column = '%' unless defined $column; my $ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE= 1146; my $table_id = $dbh->quote_identifier($catalog, $schema, $table); my @names = qw( TABLE_CAT TABLE_SCHEM TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME DATA_TYPE TYPE_NAME COLUMN_SIZE BUFFER_LENGTH DECIMAL_DIGITS NUM_PREC_RADIX NULLABLE REMARKS COLUMN_DEF SQL_DATA_TYPE SQL_DATETIME_SUB CHAR_OCTET_LENGTH ORDINAL_POSITION IS_NULLABLE CHAR_SET_CAT CHAR_SET_SCHEM CHAR_SET_NAME COLLATION_CAT COLLATION_SCHEM COLLATION_NAME UDT_CAT UDT_SCHEM UDT_NAME DOMAIN_CAT DOMAIN_SCHEM DOMAIN_NAME SCOPE_CAT SCOPE_SCHEM SCOPE_NAME MAX_CARDINALITY DTD_IDENTIFIER IS_SELF_REF mysql_is_pri_key mysql_type_name mysql_values mysql_is_auto_increment ); my %col_info; local $dbh->{FetchHashKeyName} = 'NAME_lc'; # only ignore ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE in internal_execute if issued from here my $desc_sth = $dbh->prepare("DESCRIBE $table_id " . $dbh->quote($column)); my $desc = $dbh->selectall_arrayref($desc_sth, { Columns=>{} }); #return $desc_sth if $desc_sth->err(); if (my $err = $desc_sth->err()) { # return the error, unless it is due to the table not # existing per DBI spec if ($err != $ER_NO_SUCH_TABLE) { $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save; return undef; } $dbh->set_err(undef,undef); $desc = []; } my $ordinal_pos = 0; my @fields; for my $row (@$desc) { my $type = $row->{type}; $type =~ m/^(\w+)($(.+)$)?\s?(.)?$/; my $basetype = lc($1); my $typemod = $3; my $attr = $4; push @fields, $row->{field}; my $info = $col_info{ $row->{field} }= { TABLE_CAT => $catalog, TABLE_SCHEM => $schema, TABLE_NAME => $table, COLUMN_NAME => $row->{field}, NULLABLE => ($row->{null} eq 'YES') ? 1 : 0, IS_NULLABLE => ($row->{null} eq 'YES') ? "YES" : "NO", TYPE_NAME => uc($basetype), COLUMN_DEF => $row->{default}, ORDINAL_POSITION => ++$ordinal_pos, mysql_is_pri_key => ($row->{key} eq 'PRI'), mysql_type_name => $row->{type}, mysql_is_auto_increment => ($row->{extra} =~ /auto_increment/i ? 1 : 0), }; # # This code won't deal with a pathological case where a value # contains a single quote followed by a comma, and doesn't unescape # any escaped values. But who would use those in an enum or set? # my @type_params= ($typemod && index($typemod,"'")>=0) ? ("$typemod," =~ /'(.?)',/g) # assume all are quoted : split /,/, $typemod\|\|''; # no quotes, plain list s/''/'/g for @type_params; # undo doubling of quotes my @type_attr= split / /, $attr\|\|''; $info->{DATA_TYPE}= SQL_VARCHAR(); if ($basetype =~ /^(char\|varchar\|\wtext\|\wblob)/) { $info->{DATA_TYPE}= SQL_CHAR() if $basetype eq 'char'; if ($type_params[0]) { $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = $type_params[0]; } else { $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = 65535; $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = 255 if $basetype =~ /^tiny/; $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = 16777215 if $basetype =~ /^medium/; $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = 4294967295 if $basetype =~ /^long/; } } elsif ($basetype =~ /^(binary\|varbinary)/) { $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = $type_params[0]; # SQL_BINARY & SQL_VARBINARY are tempting here but don't match the # semantics for mysql (not hex). SQL_CHAR & SQL_VARCHAR are correct here. $info->{DATA_TYPE} = ($basetype eq 'binary') ? SQL_CHAR() : SQL_VARCHAR(); } elsif ($basetype =~ /^(enum\|set)/) { if ($basetype eq 'set') { $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = length(join ",", @type_params); } else { my $max_len = 0; length($_) > $max_len and $max_len = length($_) for @type_params; $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = $max_len; } $info->{"mysql_values"} = \@type_params; } elsif ($basetype =~ /int/ \|\| $basetype eq 'bit' ) { # big/medium/small/tiny etc + unsigned? $info->{DATA_TYPE} = SQL_INTEGER(); $info->{NUM_PREC_RADIX} = 10; $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = $type_params[0]; } elsif ($basetype =~ /^decimal/) { $info->{DATA_TYPE} = SQL_DECIMAL(); $info->{NUM_PREC_RADIX} = 10; $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = $type_params[0]; $info->{DECIMAL_DIGITS} = $type_params[1]; } elsif ($basetype =~ /^(float\|double)/) { $info->{DATA_TYPE} = ($basetype eq 'float') ? SQL_FLOAT() : SQL_DOUBLE(); $info->{NUM_PREC_RADIX} = 2; $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = ($basetype eq 'float') ? 32 : 64; } elsif ($basetype =~ /date\|time/) { # date/datetime/time/timestamp if ($basetype eq 'time' or $basetype eq 'date') { #$info->{DATA_TYPE} = ($basetype eq 'time') ? SQL_TYPE_TIME() : SQL_TYPE_DATE(); $info->{DATA_TYPE} = ($basetype eq 'time') ? SQL_TIME() : SQL_DATE(); $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = ($basetype eq 'time') ? 8 : 10; } else { # datetime/timestamp #$info->{DATA_TYPE} = SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP(); $info->{DATA_TYPE} = SQL_TIMESTAMP(); $info->{SQL_DATA_TYPE} = SQL_DATETIME(); $info->{SQL_DATETIME_SUB} = $info->{DATA_TYPE} - ($info->{SQL_DATA_TYPE} * 10); $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = ($basetype eq 'datetime') ? 19 : $type_params[0] \|\| 14; } $info->{DECIMAL_DIGITS}= 0; # no fractional seconds } elsif ($basetype eq 'year') { # no close standard so treat as int $info->{DATA_TYPE} = SQL_INTEGER(); $info->{NUM_PREC_RADIX} = 10; $info->{COLUMN_SIZE} = 4; } else { Carp::carp("column_info: unrecognized column type '$basetype' of $table_id.$row->{field} treated as varchar"); } $info->{SQL_DATA_TYPE} \|\|= $info->{DATA_TYPE}; #warn Dumper($info); } my $sponge = DBI->connect("DBI:Sponge:", '','') or ( $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && return $dbh->DBI::set_err($DBI::err, "DBI::Sponge: $DBI::errstr")); my $sth = $sponge->prepare("column_info $table", { rows => [ map { [ @{$_}{@names} ] } map { $col_info{$_} } @fields ], NUM_OF_FIELDS => scalar @names, NAME => \@names, }) or return ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && $dbh->DBI::set_err($sponge->err(), $sponge->errstr())); $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save; return $sth; } sub primary_key_info { my ($dbh, $catalog, $schema, $table) = @_; return unless $dbh->func('_async_check'); $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}\|\|= 0; my $mysql_server_prepare_save= $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}; my $table_id = $dbh->quote_identifier($catalog, $schema, $table); my @names = qw( TABLE_CAT TABLE_SCHEM TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME KEY_SEQ PK_NAME ); my %col_info; local $dbh->{FetchHashKeyName} = 'NAME_lc'; my $desc_sth = $dbh->prepare("SHOW KEYS FROM $table_id"); my $desc= $dbh->selectall_arrayref($desc_sth, { Columns=>{} }); my $ordinal_pos = 0; for my $row (grep { $_->{key_name} eq 'PRIMARY'} @$desc) { $col_info{ $row->{column_name} }= { TABLE_CAT => $catalog, TABLE_SCHEM => $schema, TABLE_NAME => $table, COLUMN_NAME => $row->{column_name}, KEY_SEQ => $row->{seq_in_index}, PK_NAME => $row->{key_name}, }; } my $sponge = DBI->connect("DBI:Sponge:", '','') or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && return $dbh->DBI::set_err($DBI::err, "DBI::Sponge: $DBI::errstr")); my $sth= $sponge->prepare("primary_key_info $table", { rows => [ map { [ @{$_}{@names} ] } sort { $a->{KEY_SEQ} <=> $b->{KEY_SEQ} } values %col_info ], NUM_OF_FIELDS => scalar @names, NAME => \@names, }) or ($dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save && return $dbh->DBI::set_err($sponge->err(), $sponge->errstr())); $dbh->{mysql_server_prepare}= $mysql_server_prepare_save; return $sth; } sub foreign_key_info { my ($dbh, $pk_catalog, $pk_schema, $pk_table, $fk_catalog, $fk_schema, $fk_table, ) = @_; return unless $dbh->func('_async_check'); # INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE was added in 5.0.6 # no one is going to be running 5.0.6, taking out the check for $point > .6 my ($maj, $min, $point) = _version($dbh); return if $maj < 5 ; my $sql = <<'EOF'; SELECT NULL AS PKTABLE_CAT, A.REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA AS PKTABLE_SCHEM, A.REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME AS PKTABLE_NAME, A.REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME AS PKCOLUMN_NAME, A.TABLE_CATALOG AS FKTABLE_CAT, A.TABLE_SCHEMA AS FKTABLE_SCHEM, A.TABLE_NAME AS FKTABLE_NAME, A.COLUMN_NAME AS FKCOLUMN_NAME, A.ORDINAL_POSITION AS KEY_SEQ, NULL AS UPDATE_RULE, NULL AS DELETE_RULE, A.CONSTRAINT_NAME AS FK_NAME, NULL AS PK_NAME, NULL AS DEFERABILITY, NULL AS UNIQUE_OR_PRIMARY FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE A, INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS B WHERE A.TABLE_SCHEMA = B.TABLE_SCHEMA AND A.TABLE_NAME = B.TABLE_NAME AND A.CONSTRAINT_NAME = B.CONSTRAINT_NAME AND B.CONSTRAINT_TYPE IS NOT NULL EOF my @where; my @bind; # catalogs are not yet supported by MySQL # if (defined $pk_catalog) { # push @where, 'A.REFERENCED_TABLE_CATALOG = ?'; # push @bind, $pk_catalog; # } if (defined $pk_schema) { push @where, 'A.REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA = ?'; push @bind, $pk_schema; } if (defined $pk_table) { push @where, 'A.REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME = ?'; push @bind, $pk_table; } # if (defined $fk_catalog) { # push @where, 'A.TABLE_CATALOG = ?'; # push @bind, $fk_schema; # } if (defined $fk_schema) { push @where, 'A.TABLE_SCHEMA = ?'; push @bind, $fk_schema; } if (defined $fk_table) { push @where, 'A.TABLE_NAME = ?'; push @bind, $fk_table; } if (@where) { $sql .= ' AND '; $sql .= join ' AND ', @where; } $sql .= " ORDER BY A.TABLE_SCHEMA, A.TABLE_NAME, A.ORDINAL_POSITION"; local $dbh->{FetchHashKeyName} = 'NAME_uc'; my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql); $sth->execute(@bind); return $sth; } # #86030: PATCH: adding statistics_info support # Thank you to David Dick http://search.cpan.org/~ddick/ sub statistics_info { my ($dbh, $catalog, $schema, $table, $unique_only, $quick, ) = @_; return unless $dbh->func('_async_check'); # INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE was added in 5.0.6 # no one is going to be running 5.0.6, taking out the check for $point > .6 my ($maj, $min, $point) = _version($dbh); return if $maj < 5 ; my $sql = <<'EOF'; SELECT TABLE_CATALOG AS TABLE_CAT, TABLE_SCHEMA AS TABLE_SCHEM, TABLE_NAME AS TABLE_NAME, NON_UNIQUE AS NON_UNIQUE, NULL AS INDEX_QUALIFIER, INDEX_NAME AS INDEX_NAME, LCASE(INDEX_TYPE) AS TYPE, SEQ_IN_INDEX AS ORDINAL_POSITION, COLUMN_NAME AS COLUMN_NAME, COLLATION AS ASC_OR_DESC, CARDINALITY AS CARDINALITY, NULL AS PAGES, NULL AS FILTER_CONDITION FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.STATISTICS EOF my @where; my @bind; # catalogs are not yet supported by MySQL # if (defined $catalog) { # push @where, 'TABLE_CATALOG = ?'; # push @bind, $catalog; # } if (defined $schema) { push @where, 'TABLE_SCHEMA = ?'; push @bind, $schema; } if (defined $table) { push @where, 'TABLE_NAME = ?'; push @bind, $table; } if (@where) { $sql .= ' WHERE '; $sql .= join ' AND ', @where; } $sql .= " ORDER BY TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, ORDINAL_POSITION"; local $dbh->{FetchHashKeyName} = 'NAME_uc'; my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql); $sth->execute(@bind); return $sth; } sub _version { my $dbh = shift; return $dbh->get_info($DBI::Const::GetInfoType::GetInfoType{SQL_DBMS_VER}) =~ /(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/; } #################### # get_info() # Generated by DBI::DBD::Metadata sub get_info { my($dbh, $info_type) = @_; return unless $dbh->func('_async_check'); require DBD::mysql::GetInfo; my $v = $DBD::mysql::GetInfo::info{int($info_type)}; $v = $v->($dbh) if ref $v eq 'CODE'; return $v; } BEGIN { my @needs_async_check = qw/data_sources quote_identifier begin_work/; foreach my $method (@needs_async_check) { no strict 'refs'; my $super = "SUPER::$method"; $method = sub { my $h = shift; return unless $h->func('_async_check'); return $h->$super(@_); }; } } package DBD::mysql::st; # ====== STATEMENT ====== use strict; BEGIN { my @needs_async_result = qw/fetchrow_hashref fetchall_hashref/; my @needs_async_check = qw/bind_param_array bind_col bind_columns execute_for_fetch/; foreach my $method (@needs_async_result) { no strict 'refs'; my $super = "SUPER::$method"; $method = sub { my $sth = shift; if(defined $sth->mysql_async_ready) { return unless $sth->mysql_async_result; } return $sth->$super(@_); }; } foreach my $method (@needs_async_check) { no strict 'refs'; my $super = "SUPER::$method"; $method = sub { my $h = shift; return unless $h->func('_async_check'); return $h->$super(@_); }; } } 1; __END__ =pod =encoding utf8 =head1 NAME DBD::mysql - MySQL driver for the Perl5 Database Interface (DBI) =head1 SYNOPSIS use DBI; my $dsn = "DBI:mysql:database=$database;host=$hostname;port=$port"; my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password); my $sth = $dbh->prepare( 'SELECT id, first_name, last_name FROM authors WHERE last_name = ?') or die "prepare statement failed: $dbh->errstr()"; $sth->execute('Eggers') or die "execution failed: $dbh->errstr()"; print $sth->rows . " rows found.\n"; while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) { print "Found a row: id = $ref->{'id'}, fn = $ref->{'first_name'}\n"; } $sth->finish; =head1 EXAMPLE #!/usr/bin/perl use strict; use warnings; use DBI; # Connect to the database. my $dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:database=test;host=localhost", "joe", "joe's password", {'RaiseError' => 1}); # Drop table 'foo'. This may fail, if 'foo' doesn't exist # Thus we put an eval around it. eval { $dbh->do("DROP TABLE foo") }; print "Dropping foo failed: $@\n" if $@; # Create a new table 'foo'. This must not fail, thus we don't # catch errors. $dbh->do("CREATE TABLE foo (id INTEGER, name VARCHAR(20))"); # INSERT some data into 'foo'. We are using $dbh->quote() for # quoting the name. $dbh->do("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (1, " . $dbh->quote("Tim") . ")"); # same thing, but using placeholders (recommended!) $dbh->do("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (?, ?)", undef, 2, "Jochen"); # now retrieve data from the table. my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT FROM foo"); $sth->execute(); while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_hashref()) { print "Found a row: id = $ref->{'id'}, name = $ref->{'name'}\n"; } $sth->finish(); # Disconnect from the database. $dbh->disconnect(); =head1 DESCRIPTION B<DBD::mysql> is the Perl5 Database Interface driver for the MySQL database. In other words: DBD::mysql is an interface between the Perl programming language and the MySQL programming API that comes with the MySQL relational database management system. Most functions provided by this programming API are supported. Some rarely used functions are missing, mainly because no-one ever requested them. :-) In what follows we first discuss the use of DBD::mysql, because this is what you will need the most. For installation, see the separate document L<DBD::mysql::INSTALL>. See L</"EXAMPLE"> for a simple example above. From perl you activate the interface with the statement use DBI; After that you can connect to multiple MySQL database servers and send multiple queries to any of them via a simple object oriented interface. Two types of objects are available: database handles and statement handles. Perl returns a database handle to the connect method like so: $dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:database=$db;host=$host", $user, $password, {RaiseError => 1}); Once you have connected to a database, you can execute SQL statements with: my $query = sprintf("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (%d, %s)", $number, $dbh->quote("name")); $dbh->do($query); See L<DBI> for details on the quote and do methods. An alternative approach is $dbh->do("INSERT INTO foo VALUES (?, ?)", undef, $number, $name); in which case the quote method is executed automatically. See also the bind_param method in L<DBI>. See L</"DATABASE HANDLES"> below for more details on database handles. If you want to retrieve results, you need to create a so-called statement handle with: $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM $table"); $sth->execute(); This statement handle can be used for multiple things. First of all you can retrieve a row of data: my $row = $sth->fetchrow_hashref(); If your table has columns ID and NAME, then $row will be hash ref with keys ID and NAME. See L</"STATEMENT HANDLES"> below for more details on statement handles. But now for a more formal approach: =head2 Class Methods =over =item B<connect> use DBI; $dsn = "DBI:mysql:$database"; $dsn = "DBI:mysql:database=$database;host=$hostname"; $dsn = "DBI:mysql:database=$database;host=$hostname;port=$port"; $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password); The C<database> is not a required attribute, but please note that MySQL has no such thing as a default database. If you don't specify the database at connection time your active database will be null and you'd need to prefix your tables with the database name; i.e. 'SELECT * FROM mydb.mytable'. This is similar to the behavior of the mysql command line client. Also, 'SELECT DATABASE()' will return the current database active for the handle. =over =item host =item port The hostname, if not specified or specified as '' or 'localhost', will default to a MySQL server running on the local machine using the default for the UNIX socket. To connect to a MySQL server on the local machine via TCP, you must specify the loopback IP address (127.0.0.1) as the host. Should the MySQL server be running on a non-standard port number, you may explicitly state the port number to connect to in the C<hostname> argument, by concatenating the I<hostname> and I<port number> together separated by a colon ( C<:> ) character or by using the C<port> argument. To connect to a MySQL server on localhost using TCP/IP, you must specify the hostname as 127.0.0.1 (with the optional port). When connecting to a MySQL Server with IPv6, a bracketed IPv6 address should be used. Example DSN: my $dsn = "DBI:mysql:;host=[1a12:2800:6f2:85::f20:8cf];port=3306"; =item mysql_client_found_rows Enables (TRUE value) or disables (FALSE value) the flag CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS while connecting to the MySQL server. This has a somewhat funny effect: Without mysql_client_found_rows, if you perform a query like UPDATE $table SET id = 1 WHERE id = 1; then the MySQL engine will always return 0, because no rows have changed. With mysql_client_found_rows however, it will return the number of rows that have an id 1, as some people are expecting. (At least for compatibility to other engines.) =item mysql_compression If your DSN contains the option "mysql_compression=1", then the communication between client and server will be compressed. =item mysql_connect_timeout If your DSN contains the option "mysql_connect_timeout=##", the connect request to the server will timeout if it has not been successful after the given number of seconds. =item mysql_write_timeout If your DSN contains the option "mysql_write_timeout=##", the write operation to the server will timeout if it has not been successful after the given number of seconds. =item mysql_read_timeout If your DSN contains the option "mysql_read_timeout=##", the read operation to the server will timeout if it has not been successful after the given number of seconds. =item mysql_init_command If your DSN contains the option "mysql_init_command=##", then this SQL statement is executed when connecting to the MySQL server. It is automatically re-executed if reconnection occurs. =item mysql_skip_secure_auth This option is for older mysql databases that don't have secure auth set. =item mysql_read_default_file =item mysql_read_default_group These options can be used to read a config file like /etc/my.cnf or ~/.my.cnf. By default MySQL's C client library doesn't use any config files unlike the client programs (mysql, mysqladmin, ...) that do, but outside of the C client library. Thus you need to explicitly request reading a config file, as in $dsn = "DBI:mysql:test;mysql_read_default_file=/home/joe/my.cnf"; $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password) The option mysql_read_default_group can be used to specify the default group in the config file: Usually this is the I<client> group, but see the following example: [client] host=localhost [perl] host=perlhost (Note the order of the entries! The example won't work, if you reverse the [client] and [perl] sections!) If you read this config file, then you'll be typically connected to I<localhost>. However, by using $dsn = "DBI:mysql:test;mysql_read_default_group=perl;" . "mysql_read_default_file=/home/joe/my.cnf"; $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password); you'll be connected to I<perlhost>. Note that if you specify a default group and do not specify a file, then the default config files will all be read. See the documentation of the C function mysql_options() for details. =item mysql_socket It is possible to choose the Unix socket that is used for connecting to the server. This is done, for example, with mysql_socket=/dev/mysql Usually there's no need for this option, unless you are using another location for the socket than that built into the client. =item mysql_ssl A true value turns on the CLIENT_SSL flag when connecting to the MySQL server and enforce SSL encryption. A false value (which is default) disable SSL encryption with the MySQL server. When enabling SSL encryption you should set also other SSL options, at least mysql_ssl_ca_file or mysql_ssl_ca_path. mysql_ssl=1 mysql_ssl_verify_server_cert=1 mysql_ssl_ca_file=/path/to/ca_cert.pem This means that your communication with the server will be encrypted. Please note that this can only work if you enabled SSL when compiling DBD::mysql; this is the default starting version 4.034. See L<DBD::mysql::INSTALL> for more details. =item mysql_ssl_ca_file The path to a file in PEM format that contains a list of trusted SSL certificate authorities. When set MySQL server certificate is checked that it is signed by some CA certificate in the list. Common Name value is not verified unless C<mysql_ssl_verify_server_cert> is enabled. =item mysql_ssl_ca_path The path to a directory that contains trusted SSL certificate authority certificates in PEM format. When set MySQL server certificate is checked that it is signed by some CA certificate in the list. Common Name value is not verified unless C<mysql_ssl_verify_server_cert> is enabled. Please note that this option is supported only if your MySQL client was compiled with OpenSSL library, and not with default yaSSL library. =item mysql_ssl_verify_server_cert Checks the server's Common Name value in the certificate that the server sends to the client. The client verifies that name against the host name the client uses for connecting to the server, and the connection fails if there is a mismatch. For encrypted connections, this option helps prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. Verification of the host name is disabled by default. =item mysql_ssl_client_key The name of the SSL key file in PEM format to use for establishing a secure connection. =item mysql_ssl_client_cert The name of the SSL certificate file in PEM format to use for establishing a secure connection. =item mysql_ssl_cipher A list of permissible ciphers to use for connection encryption. If no cipher in the list is supported, encrypted connections will not work. mysql_ssl_cipher=AES128-SHA mysql_ssl_cipher=DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:AES128-SHA =item mysql_ssl_optional Setting C<mysql_ssl_optional> to true disables strict SSL enforcement and makes SSL connection optional. This option opens security hole for man-in-the-middle attacks. Default value is false which means that C<mysql_ssl> set to true enforce SSL encryption. This option was introduced in 4.043 version of DBD::mysql. Due to L<The BACKRONYM\|http://backronym.fail/> and L<The Riddle\|http://riddle.link/> vulnerabilities in libmysqlclient library, enforcement of SSL encryption was not possbile and therefore C<mysql_ssl_optional=1> was effectively set for all DBD::mysql versions prior to 4.043. Starting with 4.043, DBD::mysql with C<mysql_ssl=1> could refuse connection to MySQL server if underlaying libmysqlclient library is vulnerable. Option C<mysql_ssl_optional> can be used to make SSL connection vulnerable. =item mysql_server_pubkey Path to the RSA public key of the server. This is used for the sha256_password and caching_sha2_password authentication plugins. =item mysql_get_server_pubkey Setting C<mysql_get_server_pubkey> to true requests the public RSA key of the server. =item mysql_local_infile The LOCAL capability for LOAD DATA may be disabled in the MySQL client library by default. If your DSN contains the option "mysql_local_infile=1", LOAD DATA LOCAL will be enabled. (However, this option is ineffective if the server has also been configured to disallow LOCAL.) =item mysql_multi_statements Support for multiple statements separated by a semicolon (;) may be enabled by using this option. Enabling this option may cause problems if server-side prepared statements are also enabled. =item mysql_server_prepare This option is used to enable server side prepared statements. To use server side prepared statements, all you need to do is set the variable mysql_server_prepare in the connect: $dbh = DBI->connect( "DBI:mysql:database=test;host=localhost;mysql_server_prepare=1", "", "", { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1 } ); or: $dbh = DBI->connect( "DBI:mysql:database=test;host=localhost", "", "", { RaiseError => 1, AutoCommit => 1, mysql_server_prepare => 1 } ); There are many benefits to using server side prepare statements, mostly if you are performing many inserts because of that fact that a single statement is prepared to accept multiple insert values. To make sure that the 'make test' step tests whether server prepare works, you just need to export the env variable MYSQL_SERVER_PREPARE: export MYSQL_SERVER_PREPARE=1 Please note that mysql server cannot prepare or execute some prepared statements. In this case DBD::mysql fallbacks to normal non-prepared statement and tries again. =item mysql_server_prepare_disable_fallback This option disable fallback to normal non-prepared statement when mysql server does not support execution of current statement as prepared. Useful when you want to be sure that statement is going to be executed as server side prepared. Error message and code in case of failure is propagated back to DBI. =item mysql_embedded_options The option <mysql_embedded_options> can be used to pass 'command-line' options to embedded server. Example: use DBI; $testdsn="DBI:mysqlEmb:database=test;mysql_embedded_options=--help,--verbose"; $dbh = DBI->connect($testdsn,"a","b"); This would cause the command line help to the embedded MySQL server library to be printed. =item mysql_embedded_groups The option <mysql_embedded_groups> can be used to specify the groups in the config file(I<my.cnf>) which will be used to get options for embedded server. If not specified [server] and [embedded] groups will be used. Example: $testdsn="DBI:mysqlEmb:database=test;mysql_embedded_groups=embedded_server,common"; =item mysql_conn_attrs The option <mysql_conn_attrs> is a hash of attribute names and values which can be used to send custom connection attributes to the server. Some attributes like '_os', '_platform', '_client_name' and '_client_version' are added by libmysqlclient and 'program_name' is added by DBD::mysql. You can then later read these attributes from the performance schema tables which can be quite helpful for profiling your database or creating statistics. You'll have to use a MySQL 5.6 server and libmysqlclient or newer to leverage this feature. my $dbh= DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password, { AutoCommit => 0, mysql_conn_attrs => { foo => 'bar', wiz => 'bang' }, }); Now you can select the results from the performance schema tables. You can do this in the same session, but also afterwards. It can be very useful to answer questions like 'which script sent this query?'. my $results = $dbh->selectall_hashref( 'SELECT * FROM performance_schema.session_connect_attrs', 'ATTR_NAME' ); This returns: $result = { 'foo' => { 'ATTR_VALUE' => 'bar', 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3', 'ATTR_NAME' => 'foo', 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '6' }, 'wiz' => { 'ATTR_VALUE' => 'bang', 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3', 'ATTR_NAME' => 'wiz', 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '3' }, 'program_name' => { 'ATTR_VALUE' => './foo.pl', 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3', 'ATTR_NAME' => 'program_name', 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '5' }, '_client_name' => { 'ATTR_VALUE' => 'libmysql', 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3', 'ATTR_NAME' => '_client_name', 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '1' }, '_client_version' => { 'ATTR_VALUE' => '5.6.24', 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3', 'ATTR_NAME' => '_client_version', 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '7' }, '_os' => { 'ATTR_VALUE' => 'osx10.8', 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3', 'ATTR_NAME' => '_os', 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '0' }, '_pid' => { 'ATTR_VALUE' => '59860', 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3', 'ATTR_NAME' => '_pid', 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '2' }, '_platform' => { 'ATTR_VALUE' => 'x86_64', 'PROCESSLIST_ID' => '3', 'ATTR_NAME' => '_platform', 'ORDINAL_POSITION' => '4' } }; =back =back =head2 Private MetaData Methods =over =item B<ListDBs> my $drh = DBI->install_driver("mysql"); @dbs = $drh->func("$hostname:$port", '_ListDBs'); @dbs = $drh->func($hostname, $port, '_ListDBs'); @dbs = $dbh->func('_ListDBs'); Returns a list of all databases managed by the MySQL server running on C<$hostname>, port C<$port>. This is a legacy method. Instead, you should use the portable method @dbs = DBI->data_sources("mysql"); =back =head1 DATABASE HANDLES The DBD::mysql driver supports the following attributes of database handles (read only): $errno = $dbh->{'mysql_errno'}; $error = $dbh->{'mysql_error'}; $info = $dbh->{'mysql_hostinfo'}; $info = $dbh->{'mysql_info'}; $insertid = $dbh->{'mysql_insertid'}; $info = $dbh->{'mysql_protoinfo'}; $info = $dbh->{'mysql_serverinfo'}; $info = $dbh->{'mysql_stat'}; $threadId = $dbh->{'mysql_thread_id'}; These correspond to mysql_errno(), mysql_error(), mysql_get_host_info(), mysql_info(), mysql_insert_id(), mysql_get_proto_info(), mysql_get_server_info(), mysql_stat() and mysql_thread_id(), respectively. =over 2 =item mysql_clientinfo List information of the MySQL client library that DBD::mysql was built against: print "$dbh->{mysql_clientinfo}\n"; 5.2.0-MariaDB =item mysql_clientversion print "$dbh->{mysql_clientversion}\n"; 50200 =item mysql_serverversion print "$dbh->{mysql_serverversion}\n"; 50200 =item mysql_dbd_stats $info_hashref = $dbh->{mysql_dbd_stats}; DBD::mysql keeps track of some statistics in the mysql_dbd_stats attribute. The following stats are being maintained: =over 8 =item auto_reconnects_ok The number of times that DBD::mysql successfully reconnected to the mysql server. =item auto_reconnects_failed The number of times that DBD::mysql tried to reconnect to mysql but failed. =back =back The DBD::mysql driver also supports the following attributes of database handles (read/write): =over =item mysql_auto_reconnect This attribute determines whether DBD::mysql will automatically reconnect to mysql if the connection be lost. This feature defaults to off; however, if either the GATEWAY_INTERFACE or MOD_PERL environment variable is set, DBD::mysql will turn mysql_auto_reconnect on. Setting mysql_auto_reconnect to on is not advised if 'lock tables' is used because if DBD::mysql reconnect to mysql all table locks will be lost. This attribute is ignored when AutoCommit is turned off, and when AutoCommit is turned off, DBD::mysql will not automatically reconnect to the server. It is also possible to set the default value of the C<mysql_auto_reconnect> attribute for the $dbh by passing it in the C<\%attr> hash for C<DBI->connect>. $dbh->{mysql_auto_reconnect} = 1; or my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, $user, $password, { mysql_auto_reconnect => 1, }); Note that if you are using a module or framework that performs reconnections for you (for example L<DBIx::Connector> in fixup mode), this value must be set to 0. =item mysql_use_result This attribute forces the driver to use mysql_use_result rather than mysql_store_result. The former is faster and less memory consuming, but tends to block other processes. mysql_store_result is the default due to that fact storing the result is expected behavior with most applications. It is possible to set the default value of the C<mysql_use_result> attribute for the $dbh via the DSN: $dbh = DBI->connect("DBI:mysql:test;mysql_use_result=1", "root", ""); You can also set it after creation of the database handle: $dbh->{mysql_use_result} = 0; # disable $dbh->{mysql_use_result} = 1; # enable You can also set or unset the C<mysql_use_result> setting on your statement handle, when creating the statement handle or after it has been created. See L</"STATEMENT HANDLES">. =item mysql_enable_utf8 This attribute determines whether DBD::mysql should assume strings stored in the database are utf8. This feature defaults to off. When set, a data retrieved from a textual column type (char, varchar, etc) will have the UTF-8 flag turned on if necessary. This enables character semantics on that string. You will also need to ensure that your database / table / column is configured to use UTF8. See for more information the chapter on character set support in the MySQL manual: L<http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/charset.html> Additionally, turning on this flag tells MySQL that incoming data should be treated as UTF-8. This will only take effect if used as part of the call to connect(). If you turn the flag on after connecting, you will need to issue the command C<SET NAMES utf8> to get the same effect. =item mysql_enable_utf8mb4 This is similar to mysql_enable_utf8, but is capable of handling 4-byte UTF-8 characters. =item mysql_bind_type_guessing This attribute causes the driver (emulated prepare statements) to attempt to guess if a value being bound is a numeric value, and if so, doesn't quote the value. This was created by Dragonchild and is one way to deal with the performance issue of using quotes in a statement that is inserting or updating a large numeric value. This was previously called C<unsafe_bind_type_guessing> because it is experimental. I have successfully run the full test suite with this option turned on, the name can now be simply C<mysql_bind_type_guessing>. CAVEAT: Even though you can insert an integer value into a character column, if this column is indexed, if you query that column with the integer value not being quoted, it will not use the index: MariaDB [test]> explain select * from test where value0 = '3' \G ************************* 1. row ************************* id: 1 select_type: SIMPLE table: test type: ref possible_keys: value0 key: value0 key_len: 13 ref: const rows: 1 Extra: Using index condition 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [test]> explain select * from test where value0 = 3 -> \G ************************* 1. row ************************* id: 1 select_type: SIMPLE table: test type: ALL possible_keys: value0 key: NULL key_len: NULL ref: NULL rows: 6 Extra: Using where 1 row in set (0.00 sec) See bug: https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=43822 C<mysql_bind_type_guessing> can be turned on via - through DSN my $dbh= DBI->connect('DBI:mysql:test', 'username', 'pass', { mysql_bind_type_guessing => 1}) - OR after handle creation $dbh->{mysql_bind_type_guessing} = 1; =item mysql_bind_comment_placeholders This attribute causes the driver (emulated prepare statements) will cause any placeholders in comments to be bound. This is not correct prepared statement behavior, but some developers have come to depend on this behavior, so I have made it available in 4.015 =item mysql_no_autocommit_cmd This attribute causes the driver to not issue 'set autocommit' either through explicit or using mysql_autocommit(). This is particularly useful in the case of using MySQL Proxy. See the bug report: https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=46308 C<mysql_no_autocommit_cmd> can be turned on when creating the database handle: my $dbh = DBI->connect('DBI:mysql:test', 'username', 'pass', { mysql_no_autocommit_cmd => 1}); or using an existing database handle: $dbh->{mysql_no_autocommit_cmd} = 1; =item ping This can be used to send a ping to the server. $rc = $dbh->ping(); =back =head1 STATEMENT HANDLES The statement handles of DBD::mysql support a number of attributes. You access these by using, for example, my $numFields = $sth->{NUM_OF_FIELDS}; Note, that most attributes are valid only after a successful I<execute>. An C<undef> value will returned otherwise. The most important exception is the C<mysql_use_result> attribute, which forces the driver to use mysql_use_result rather than mysql_store_result. The former is faster and less memory consuming, but tends to block other processes. (That's why mysql_store_result is the default.) To set the C<mysql_use_result> attribute, use either of the following: my $sth = $dbh->prepare("QUERY", { mysql_use_result => 1}); or my $sth = $dbh->prepare($sql); $sth->{mysql_use_result} = 1; Column dependent attributes, for example I<NAME>, the column names, are returned as a reference to an array. The array indices are corresponding to the indices of the arrays returned by I<fetchrow> and similar methods. For example the following code will print a header of table names together with all rows: my $sth = $dbh->prepare("SELECT * FROM $table") \|\| die "Error:" . $dbh->errstr . "\n"; $sth->execute \|\| die "Error:" . $sth->errstr . "\n"; my $names = $sth->{NAME}; my $numFields = $sth->{'NUM_OF_FIELDS'} - 1; for my $i ( 0..$numFields ) { printf("%s%s", $i ? "," : "", $$names[$i]); } print "\n"; while (my $ref = $sth->fetchrow_arrayref) { for my $i ( 0..$numFields ) { printf("%s%s", $i ? "," : "", $$ref[$i]); } print "\n"; } For portable applications you should restrict yourself to attributes with capitalized or mixed case names. Lower case attribute names are private to DBD::mysql. The attribute list includes: =over =item ChopBlanks this attribute determines whether a I<fetchrow> will chop preceding and trailing blanks off the column values. Chopping blanks does not have impact on the I<max_length> attribute. =item mysql_gtids Returns GTID(s) if GTID session tracking is ensabled in the server via session_track_gtids. =item mysql_insertid If the statement you executed performs an INSERT, and there is an AUTO_INCREMENT column in the table you inserted in, this attribute holds the value stored into the AUTO_INCREMENT column, if that value is automatically generated, by storing NULL or 0 or was specified as an explicit value. Typically, you'd access the value via $sth->{mysql_insertid}. The value can also be accessed via $dbh->{mysql_insertid} but this can easily produce incorrect results in case one database handle is shared. =item mysql_is_blob Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the respective column is a blob. This attribute is valid for MySQL only. =item mysql_is_key Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the respective column is a key. This is valid for MySQL only. =item mysql_is_num Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the respective column contains numeric values. =item mysql_is_pri_key Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates, that the respective column is a primary key. =item mysql_is_auto_increment Reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates that the respective column is an AUTO_INCREMENT column. This is only valid for MySQL. =item mysql_length =item mysql_max_length A reference to an array of maximum column sizes. The I<max_length> is the maximum physically present in the result table, I<length> gives the theoretically possible maximum. I<max_length> is valid for MySQL only. =item NAME A reference to an array of column names. =item NULLABLE A reference to an array of boolean values; TRUE indicates that this column may contain NULL's. =item NUM_OF_FIELDS Number of fields returned by a I<SELECT> or I<LISTFIELDS> statement. You may use this for checking whether a statement returned a result: A zero value indicates a non-SELECT statement like I<INSERT>, I<DELETE> or I<UPDATE>. =item mysql_table A reference to an array of table names, useful in a I<JOIN> result. =item TYPE A reference to an array of column types. The engine's native column types are mapped to portable types like DBI::SQL_INTEGER() or DBI::SQL_VARCHAR(), as good as possible. Not all native types have a meaningful equivalent, for example DBD::mysql::FIELD_TYPE_INTERVAL is mapped to DBI::SQL_VARCHAR(). If you need the native column types, use I<mysql_type>. See below. =item mysql_type A reference to an array of MySQL's native column types, for example DBD::mysql::FIELD_TYPE_SHORT() or DBD::mysql::FIELD_TYPE_STRING(). Use the I<TYPE> attribute, if you want portable types like DBI::SQL_SMALLINT() or DBI::SQL_VARCHAR(). =item mysql_type_name Similar to mysql, but type names and not numbers are returned. Whenever possible, the ANSI SQL name is preferred. =item mysql_warning_count The number of warnings generated during execution of the SQL statement. This attribute is available on both statement handles and database handles. =back =head1 TRANSACTION SUPPORT The transaction support works as follows: =over =item * By default AutoCommit mode is on, following the DBI specifications. =item * If you execute $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0; or $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 1; then the driver will set the MySQL server variable autocommit to 0 or 1, respectively. Switching from 0 to 1 will also issue a COMMIT, following the DBI specifications. =item * The methods $dbh->rollback(); $dbh->commit(); will issue the commands ROLLBACK and COMMIT, respectively. A ROLLBACK will also be issued if AutoCommit mode is off and the database handles DESTROY method is called. Again, this is following the DBI specifications. =back Given the above, you should note the following: =over =item * You should never change the server variable autocommit manually, unless you are ignoring DBI's transaction support. =item * Switching AutoCommit mode from on to off or vice versa may fail. You should always check for errors when changing AutoCommit mode. The suggested way of doing so is using the DBI flag RaiseError. If you don't like RaiseError, you have to use code like the following: $dbh->{AutoCommit} = 0; if ($dbh->{AutoCommit}) { # An error occurred! } =item * If you detect an error while changing the AutoCommit mode, you should no longer use the database handle. In other words, you should disconnect and reconnect again, because the transaction mode is unpredictable. Alternatively you may verify the transaction mode by checking the value of the server variable autocommit. However, such behaviour isn't portable. =item * DBD::mysql has a "reconnect" feature that handles the so-called MySQL "morning bug": If the server has disconnected, most probably due to a timeout, then by default the driver will reconnect and attempt to execute the same SQL statement again. However, this behaviour is disabled when AutoCommit is off: Otherwise the transaction state would be completely unpredictable after a reconnect. =item * The "reconnect" feature of DBD::mysql can be toggled by using the L<mysql_auto_reconnect> attribute. This behaviour should be turned off in code that uses LOCK TABLE because if the database server time out and DBD::mysql reconnect, table locks will be lost without any indication of such loss. =back =head1 MULTIPLE RESULT SETS DBD::mysql supports multiple result sets, thanks to Guy Harrison! The basic usage of multiple result sets is do { while (@row = $sth->fetchrow_array()) { do stuff; } } while ($sth->more_results) An example would be: $dbh->do("drop procedure if exists someproc") or print $DBI::errstr; $dbh->do("create procedure someproc() deterministic begin declare a,b,c,d int; set a=1; set b=2; set c=3; set d=4; select a, b, c, d; select d, c, b, a; select b, a, c, d; select c, b, d, a; end") or print $DBI::errstr; $sth=$dbh->prepare('call someproc()') \|\| die $DBI::err.": ".$DBI::errstr; $sth->execute \|\| die DBI::err.": ".$DBI::errstr; $rowset=0; do { print "\nRowset ".++$i."\n---------------------------------------\n\n"; foreach $colno (0..$sth->{NUM_OF_FIELDS}-1) { print $sth->{NAME}->[$colno]."\t"; } print "\n"; while (@row= $sth->fetchrow_array()) { foreach $field (0..$#row) { print $row[$field]."\t"; } print "\n"; } } until (!$sth->more_results) =head2 Issues with multiple result sets Please be aware there could be issues if your result sets are "jagged", meaning the number of columns of your results vary. Varying numbers of columns could result in your script crashing. =head1 MULTITHREADING The multithreading capabilities of DBD::mysql depend completely on the underlying C libraries. The modules are working with handle data only, no global variables are accessed or (to the best of my knowledge) thread unsafe functions are called. Thus DBD::mysql is believed to be completely thread safe, if the C libraries are thread safe and you don't share handles among threads. The obvious question is: Are the C libraries thread safe? In the case of MySQL the answer is yes, since MySQL 5.5 it is. =head1 ASYNCHRONOUS QUERIES You can make a single asynchronous query per MySQL connection; this allows you to submit a long-running query to the server and have an event loop inform you when it's ready. An asynchronous query is started by either setting the 'async' attribute to a true value in the L<DBI/do> method, or in the L<DBI/prepare> method. Statements created with 'async' set to true in prepare always run their queries asynchronously when L<DBI/execute> is called. The driver also offers three additional methods: C<mysql_async_result>, C<mysql_async_ready>, and C<mysql_fd>. C<mysql_async_result> returns what do or execute would have; that is, the number of rows affected. C<mysql_async_ready> returns true if C<mysql_async_result> will not block, and zero otherwise. They both return C<undef> if that handle was not created with 'async' set to true or if an asynchronous query was not started yet. C<mysql_fd> returns the file descriptor number for the MySQL connection; you can use this in an event loop. Here's an example of how to use the asynchronous query interface: use feature 'say'; $dbh->do('SELECT SLEEP(10)', { async => 1 }); until($dbh->mysql_async_ready) { say 'not ready yet!'; sleep 1; } my $rows = $dbh->mysql_async_result; =head1 INSTALLATION See L<DBD::mysql::INSTALL>. =head1 AUTHORS Originally, there was a non-DBI driver, Mysql, which was much like PHP drivers such as mysql and mysqli. The B<Mysql> module was originally written by Andreas König <koenig@kulturbox.de> who still, to this day, contributes patches to DBD::mysql. An emulated version of Mysql was provided to DBD::mysql from Jochen Wiedmann, but eventually deprecated as it was another bundle of code to maintain. The first incarnation of DBD::mysql was developed by Alligator Descartes, who was also aided and abetted by Gary Shea, Andreas König and Tim Bunce. The current incarnation of B<DBD::mysql> was written by Jochen Wiedmann, then numerous changes and bug-fixes were added by Rudy Lippan. Next, prepared statement support was added by Patrick Galbraith and Alexy Stroganov (who also solely added embedded server support). For the past nine years DBD::mysql has been maintained by Patrick Galbraith (I<patg@patg.net>), and recently with the great help of Michiel Beijen (I<michiel.beijen@gmail.com>), along with the entire community of Perl developers who keep sending patches to help continue improving DBD::mysql =head1 CONTRIBUTIONS Anyone who desires to contribute to this project is encouraged to do so. Currently, the source code for this project can be found at Github: L<https://github.com/perl5-dbi/DBD-mysql/> Either fork this repository and produce a branch with your changeset that the maintainer can merge to his tree, or create a diff with git. The maintainer is more than glad to take contributions from the community as many features and fixes from DBD::mysql have come from the community. =head1 COPYRIGHT This module is =over =item * Large Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2013 Patrick Galbraith =item * Large Portions Copyright (c) 2004-2006 Alexey Stroganov =item * Large Portions Copyright (c) 2003-2005 Rudolf Lippan =item * Large Portions Copyright (c) 1997-2003 Jochen Wiedmann, with code portions =item * Copyright (c)1994-1997 their original authors =back =head1 LICENSE This module is released under the same license as Perl itself. See L<http://www.perl.com/perl/misc/Artistic.html> for details. =head1 MAILING LIST SUPPORT This module is maintained and supported on a mailing list, dbi-users. To subscribe to this list, send an email to dbi-users-subscribe@perl.org Mailing list archives are at L<http://groups.google.com/group/perl.dbi.users?hl=en&lr=> =head1 ADDITIONAL DBI INFORMATION Additional information on the DBI project can be found on the World Wide Web at the following URL: L<http://dbi.perl.org> where documentation, pointers to the mailing lists and mailing list archives and pointers to the most current versions of the modules can be used. Information on the DBI interface itself can be gained by typing: perldoc DBI Information on DBD::mysql specifically can be gained by typing: perldoc DBD::mysql (this will display the document you're currently reading) =head1 BUG REPORTING, ENHANCEMENT/FEATURE REQUESTS Please report bugs, including all the information needed such as DBD::mysql version, MySQL version, OS type/version, etc to this link: L<https://rt.cpan.org/Dist/Display.html?Name=DBD-mysql> Note: until recently, MySQL/Sun/Oracle responded to bugs and assisted in fixing bugs which many thanks should be given for their help! This driver is outside the realm of the numerous components they support, and the maintainer and community solely support DBD::mysql =cut

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