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#. Copyright (C) 2005-2010 Gregory P. Smith (greg@krypto.org) # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement. # __doc__ = """hashlib module - A common interface to many hash functions. new(name, data=b'', **kwargs) - returns a new hash object implementing the given hash function; initializing the hash using the given binary data. Named constructor functions are also available, these are faster than using new(name): md5(), sha1(), sha224(), sha256(), sha384(), sha512(), blake2b(), blake2s(), sha3_224, sha3_256, sha3_384, sha3_512, shake_128, and shake_256. More algorithms may be available on your platform but the above are guaranteed to exist. See the algorithms_guaranteed and algorithms_available attributes to find out what algorithm names can be passed to new(). NOTE: If you want the adler32 or crc32 hash functions they are available in the zlib module. Choose your hash function wisely. Some have known collision weaknesses. sha384 and sha512 will be slow on 32 bit platforms. Hash objects have these methods: - update(data): Update the hash object with the bytes in data. Repeated calls are equivalent to a single call with the concatenation of all the arguments. - digest(): Return the digest of the bytes passed to the update() method so far as a bytes object. - hexdigest(): Like digest() except the digest is returned as a string of double length, containing only hexadecimal digits. - copy(): Return a copy (clone) of the hash object. This can be used to efficiently compute the digests of datas that share a common initial substring. For example, to obtain the digest of the byte string 'Nobody inspects the spammish repetition': >>> import hashlib >>> m = hashlib.md5() >>> m.update(b"Nobody inspects") >>> m.update(b" the spammish repetition") >>> m.digest() b'\\xbbd\\x9c\\x83\\xdd\\x1e\\xa5\\xc9\\xd9\\xde\\xc9\\xa1\\x8d\\xf0\\xff\\xe9' More condensed: >>> hashlib.sha224(b"Nobody inspects the spammish repetition").hexdigest() 'a4337bc45a8fc544c03f52dc550cd6e1e87021bc896588bd79e901e2' """ # This tuple and __get_builtin_constructor() must be modified if a new # always available algorithm is added. __always_supported = ('md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512', 'blake2b', 'blake2s', 'sha3_224', 'sha3_256', 'sha3_384', 'sha3_512', 'shake_128', 'shake_256') algorithms_guaranteed = set(__always_supported) algorithms_available = set(__always_supported) __all__ = __always_supported + ('new', 'algorithms_guaranteed', 'algorithms_available', 'pbkdf2_hmac', 'file_digest') __builtin_constructor_cache = {} # Prefer our blake2 implementation # OpenSSL 1.1.0 comes with a limited implementation of blake2b/s. The OpenSSL # implementations neither support keyed blake2 (blake2 MAC) nor advanced # features like salt, personalization, or tree hashing. OpenSSL hash-only # variants are available as 'blake2b512' and 'blake2s256', though. __block_openssl_constructor = { 'blake2b', 'blake2s', } def __get_builtin_constructor(name): cache = __builtin_constructor_cache constructor = cache.get(name) if constructor is not None: return constructor try: if name in {'SHA1', 'sha1'}: import _sha1 cache['SHA1'] = cache['sha1'] = _sha1.sha1 elif name in {'MD5', 'md5'}: import _md5 cache['MD5'] = cache['md5'] = _md5.md5 elif name in {'SHA256', 'sha256', 'SHA224', 'sha224'}: import _sha256 cache['SHA224'] = cache['sha224'] = _sha256.sha224 cache['SHA256'] = cache['sha256'] = _sha256.sha256 elif name in {'SHA512', 'sha512', 'SHA384', 'sha384'}: import _sha512 cache['SHA384'] = cache['sha384'] = _sha512.sha384 cache['SHA512'] = cache['sha512'] = _sha512.sha512 elif name in {'blake2b', 'blake2s'}: import _blake2 cache['blake2b'] = _blake2.blake2b cache['blake2s'] = _blake2.blake2s elif name in {'sha3_224', 'sha3_256', 'sha3_384', 'sha3_512'}: import _sha3 cache['sha3_224'] = _sha3.sha3_224 cache['sha3_256'] = _sha3.sha3_256 cache['sha3_384'] = _sha3.sha3_384 cache['sha3_512'] = _sha3.sha3_512 elif name in {'shake_128', 'shake_256'}: import _sha3 cache['shake_128'] = _sha3.shake_128 cache['shake_256'] = _sha3.shake_256 except ImportError: pass # no extension module, this hash is unsupported. constructor = cache.get(name) if constructor is not None: return constructor raise ValueError('unsupported hash type ' + name) def __get_openssl_constructor(name): if name in __block_openssl_constructor: # Prefer our builtin blake2 implementation. return __get_builtin_constructor(name) try: # MD5, SHA1, and SHA2 are in all supported OpenSSL versions # SHA3/shake are available in OpenSSL 1.1.1+ f = getattr(_hashlib, 'openssl_' + name) # Allow the C module to raise ValueError. The function will be # defined but the hash not actually available. Don't fall back to # builtin if the current security policy blocks a digest, bpo#40695. f(usedforsecurity=False) # Use the C function directly (very fast) return f except (AttributeError, ValueError): return __get_builtin_constructor(name) def __py_new(name, data=b'', **kwargs): """new(name, data=b'', **kwargs) - Return a new hashing object using the named algorithm; optionally initialized with data (which must be a bytes-like object). """ return __get_builtin_constructor(name)(data, **kwargs) def __hash_new(name, data=b'', **kwargs): """new(name, data=b'') - Return a new hashing object using the named algorithm; optionally initialized with data (which must be a bytes-like object). """ if name in __block_openssl_constructor: # Prefer our builtin blake2 implementation. return __get_builtin_constructor(name)(data, **kwargs) try: return _hashlib.new(name, data, **kwargs) except ValueError: # If the _hashlib module (OpenSSL) doesn't support the named # hash, try using our builtin implementations. # This allows for SHA224/256 and SHA384/512 support even though # the OpenSSL library prior to 0.9.8 doesn't provide them. return __get_builtin_constructor(name)(data) try: import _hashlib new = __hash_new __get_hash = __get_openssl_constructor algorithms_available = algorithms_available.union( _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names) except ImportError: _hashlib = None new = __py_new __get_hash = __get_builtin_constructor try: # OpenSSL's PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC requires OpenSSL 1.0+ with HMAC and SHA from _hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac except ImportError: from warnings import warn as _warn _trans_5C = bytes((x ^ 0x5C) for x in range(256)) _trans_36 = bytes((x ^ 0x36) for x in range(256)) def pbkdf2_hmac(hash_name, password, salt, iterations, dklen=None): """Password based key derivation function 2 (PKCS #5 v2.0) This Python implementations based on the hmac module about as fast as OpenSSL's PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC for short passwords and much faster for long passwords. """ _warn( "Python implementation of pbkdf2_hmac() is deprecated.", category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2 ) if not isinstance(hash_name, str): raise TypeError(hash_name) if not isinstance(password, (bytes, bytearray)): password = bytes(memoryview(password)) if not isinstance(salt, (bytes, bytearray)): salt = bytes(memoryview(salt)) # Fast inline HMAC implementation inner = new(hash_name) outer = new(hash_name) blocksize = getattr(inner, 'block_size', 64) if len(password) > blocksize: password = new(hash_name, password).digest() password = password + b'\x00' * (blocksize - len(password)) inner.update(password.translate(_trans_36)) outer.update(password.translate(_trans_5C)) def prf(msg, inner=inner, outer=outer): # PBKDF2_HMAC uses the password as key. We can re-use the same # digest objects and just update copies to skip initialization. icpy = inner.copy() ocpy = outer.copy() icpy.update(msg) ocpy.update(icpy.digest()) return ocpy.digest() if iterations < 1: raise ValueError(iterations) if dklen is None: dklen = outer.digest_size if dklen < 1: raise ValueError(dklen) dkey = b'' loop = 1 from_bytes = int.from_bytes while len(dkey) < dklen: prev = prf(salt + loop.to_bytes(4)) # endianness doesn't matter here as long to / from use the same rkey = from_bytes(prev) for i in range(iterations - 1): prev = prf(prev) # rkey = rkey ^ prev rkey ^= from_bytes(prev) loop += 1 dkey += rkey.to_bytes(inner.digest_size) return dkey[:dklen] try: # OpenSSL's scrypt requires OpenSSL 1.1+ from _hashlib import scrypt except ImportError: pass def file_digest(fileobj, digest, /, *, _bufsize=2**18): """Hash the contents of a file-like object. Returns a digest object. *fileobj* must be a file-like object opened for reading in binary mode. It accepts file objects from open(), io.BytesIO(), and SocketIO objects. The function may bypass Python's I/O and use the file descriptor *fileno* directly. *digest* must either be a hash algorithm name as a *str*, a hash constructor, or a callable that returns a hash object. """ # On Linux we could use AF_ALG sockets and sendfile() to archive zero-copy # hashing with hardware acceleration. if isinstance(digest, str): digestobj = new(digest) else: digestobj = digest() if hasattr(fileobj, "getbuffer"): # io.BytesIO object, use zero-copy buffer digestobj.update(fileobj.getbuffer()) return digestobj # Only binary files implement readinto(). if not ( hasattr(fileobj, "readinto") and hasattr(fileobj, "readable") and fileobj.readable() ): raise ValueError( f"'{fileobj!r}' is not a file-like object in binary reading mode." ) # binary file, socket.SocketIO object # Note: socket I/O uses different syscalls than file I/O. buf = bytearray(_bufsize) # Reusable buffer to reduce allocations. view = memoryview(buf) while True: size = fileobj.readinto(buf) if size == 0: break # EOF digestobj.update(view[:size]) return digestobj for __func_name in __always_supported: # try them all, some may not work due to the OpenSSL # version not supporting that algorithm. try: globals()[__func_name] = __get_hash(__func_name) except ValueError: import logging logging.exception('code for hash %s was not found.', __func_name) # Cleanup locals() del __always_supported, __func_name, __get_hash del __py_new, __hash_new, __get_openssl_constructor
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